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ImagesinClinicalMedicineHemothoraxafterThoracentesisIttikornSpanuchart,ScottGallacherNEnglJMed;:DOI:10./NEJMicmA65-year-oldwomanwithatheroscleroticcardiovasculardiseaseandrenalfailurewashospitalizedforacuterespiratoryfailureandbilateralpleuraleffusionsassociatedwithpneumonia(PanelA).Toruleoutthepresenceofempyema,adiagnostic,ultrasonography-guidedthoracentesiswasperformedintheleftlunginthe9thand10thintercostalspaces.Theinitialfluidthatwasextractedhadabrowndiscolorationbutwastransudativeandwasthoughttobeassociatedwiththepatient’scardiorenaldisease.Unfortunately,hemothoraxdevelopedshortlyaftertheprocedure(PanelB).Computedtomographyandangiographyofthechestrevealedtortuousintercostalarteries,whichhadpotentiallycontributedtoiatrogenicarterialinjury(PanelC).Thehemothoraxwasmanagedsuccessfullywithchest-tubeinsertionandangiographiccoilembolization(PanelD),andthepatient’sclinicalconditionimproved.Therehavebeenreportedcorrelationsbetweenincreasedtortuosityofintercostalarteriesanddecreasedsafespaceforthoracentesis,particularlyinolderpatients.
一名68岁女性患者罹患动脉硬化性心血管病及肾功能衰竭。患者因急性呼吸功能衰竭及双侧胸腔积液伴肺炎入院(图A)。为排除脓胸,在超声引导下于左侧第9和第10肋间隙进行诊断性胸穿。最初引流的液体为褐色漏出液,考虑与患者的心肾疾病相关。遗憾的是,操作结束后不久即出现血胸(图B)。胸部CT及血管造影显示肋间动脉屈曲,可能是导致医源性动脉损伤的原因(图C)。遂置入胸管,并在血管造影下进行弹簧圈栓塞,血胸得以控制(图D),患者临床情况改善。有报告显示,尤其在老年患者,肋间动脉屈曲伴胸穿安全范围减少。
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